Question 637: Hit, Split or Surrender

The first written reference is found in a book by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, who is most famous for writing Don Quixote. Cervantes was a gambler, and the main characters of his tale Rinconete y Cortadillo, from Novelas Ejemplares, are a couple of cheaters working in Seville. They are proficient at cheating at ventiuna (Spanish for __X__), and state that the object of the game is to reach __X__ without busting and other such modern rules. The game is played with the Spanish baraja deck, which lacks eights, nines and tens. This short story was written between 1601 and 1602, implying that ventiuna was played in Castilia since the beginning of the 17th Century or earlier. Later references to this game are found in France and Spain.

ID whats being described here

Clue:

Question 636: Problem? Solve it.

For TWENTY points.

But the question's big, but so are the points.

So give it a go!

Greek & Latin transliterated(X)

Yeah, nobody can quite understand the above process. Don't bother.

B had A to thank in a BIG way during a crucial time in the 20th century.

If you feel like, mention how A helped B.

And after cracking all of this, try and link the obscure diagram above to the chap A

Both A and B were very, very popular with the masses, for different reasons.

A

A

B

A was an industrialist, and pretty enterprising. He started this major event, and this gave many of his fellow specimens the opportunity to meet up and.. and have fun.
No, don't ID every single personality there.
Just what it is.

c

d

For all twenty, id A, B, X, and (C&D)
C&D are not two separate things.