Question 590: Competition to the pimp stick

ID this
uh
contraption of sorts & its creator

Question 582: Franky my dear, i don't give a damn

__X___ was a German physicist who resided in Russia. In 1741 he was elected a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science for his pioneering work on __Y__ and also on calorimetry. __X__also worked as a tutor of the children of Count Andrei Osterman. In 1741 he translated Alexander Pope's Essay on Man into German from French.

He died in St. Petersburg "while trying to quantify the response of an insulated rod to a nearby weather phenomenon." He was attending a meeting of the Academy of Sciences, when he heard an ancient source of __Y__. The Professor ran home with his engraver to capture the event for posterity. While the experiment was underway, a supposed ____ appeared and collided with _______s head leaving him dead in a red spot. His shoes were blown open, parts of his clothes singed, the engraver knocked out; the doorframe of the room was split, and the door itself torn off its hinges.

He was apparently the first person in history to die while conducting __Y__ experiments.

However, the experiment he was conducting was already done so a few years earlier, halfway around the world, raising doubts about the veracity of those experiments conducted by the person halfway around the world.

Death of X

Death of X in colour,lol

So:
1) ID X
2) ID Y and the experiment X or the person before him conducted.
The key to this lies in the picture.
Smirk

Question 473.g: A unit charge per vehicle

__X__'s efforts to obtain support for his voyages were not hampered by a European belief in a flat Earth. Sailors and navigators of the time knew that the Earth was spherical, but (correctly) disagreed with __X__'s estimate of the distance to __Y__, which was approximately 1/6th of the actual distance. If __Z__ did not exist, and had __X__ continued to __Y__(even putting aside the threat of mutiny he was under), he would have run out of supplies before reaching it at the rate he was traveling. 


Solve for X,Y,Z.
(only X and Z are pertinent to the theme)
ALso, how is it related to the question name?

Last question of the theme

Question 473.e: Guns and What?

This is a newspaper article commemorating the arrival of a certain article in England.


During Napoleon's Campaign, his soldiers were accompanied by the Commission des Sciences et des Arts, a corps of 167 technical experts (savants). In mid-July 1799, as French soldiers under the command of Colonel d'Hautpoul were strengthening the defences of Fort Julien, a couple of miles north-east of the Egyptian port city of Rashid, Lieutenant Pierre-François Bouchard spotted the article that the soldiers had uncovered. He and d'Hautpoul saw at once that it might be important and informed general Jacques-François Menou, who happened to be at a place __X___.


So ID X, and what has been blanked out in the Article.
Biggest clue to the theme is given here.

QUESTION 286

Alright, this question carries 2 points!
Who is this lady? She was a physicist, chemist, biologist and X-Ray crystallographer.
Two scientists, X and Y, say that it was her that provided much data for their ground-breaking discovery!
Identify her(1 point)

Also,
Identify X and Y( 1 point)

QUESTION 240

Straight from the newspaper.
Very,very current.
Identify this newly discovered species.
Where have they been spotted?

QUESTION 238

Know your explorers!
Needless to say,
He was an explorer,

He followed this route....

He claimed the South Sea!

And he also has the currency of  a Central American country named after him.
Who could this chap be?